An improved microwave clevenger apparatus for distillation of. Water distillation r equires a greater number of stills, space and fuel. Insecticidal activity of essential oils from six moroccan. Hydrodistillation can be achieved by one of the two methods. Pdf influence of hydrodistillation conditions on yield and.
Chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of. The ground material of the plant was subjected to hydrodistillation using. Essential oils are the collection of hydrophobic secondary metabolites that can be extracted from plants and are used in perfumes, flavorings and alternative medicine. Application of gceims in combination with semiempirical. The yield and chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of ocimum selloi b. Hydrodistillation is made with the clevenger type apparatus, that we have in our laboratory. During distillation, time, temperature, pressure and power were monitored and controlled with the easycontrol software package of the system. Extraction of citronella cymbopogon nardus essential oil. Hydrodistillation using the clevengertype apparatus.
Pdf the effect of hydrodistillation techniques on yield, kinetics. In this case, the results are very high for microwave assisted hydrodistillation. B heating mantle with round bottom flask containing water and aromatic leaves. In this method, plant material placed in a clevenger. The objective of this work was to verify variation in the volatile compound profile of freshly cut peruvian carrot during storage at 5c for 15 days. An improved microwave clevenger apparatus for distillation. Essential oil yielded from the air dried over ground parts of thymus vulgaris was 1.
Comparison of microwaveassisted hydrodistillation with the traditional hydrodistillation method in the extraction of essential oils from ziziphora clinopodioides lam. Extraction of essential oils of rosmarinus officinalis l. Airdried aerial parts flowering stage hydrodistillation clevenger type 3h 0. Evaluation of the essential oil of foeniculum vulgare mill. In this method, the less polar of the components present in the herbs the socalled oleoresins are extracted alongside with the essential oils.
Artemisia has long been used in traditional medicine and as a food source for different functions in eastern asia. The volatile compounds were isolated by the hydrodistillation technique in a modified clevenger apparatus, quantified by gas chromatography, identified by mass spectrometry and kovats indices and. Peeled garlic 250 g was minced and then put into a 1 l flask, in which 400 ml of distilled water was added. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link. The essential oil was analyzed by using gc and gcms. Essential oil constituents from the leaves of anoectochilus.
Companion feedstock a secoin invention in agarwood oil distillation professor dinh xuan ba director of secoin applied biology center definitions distillation system is an equipment that usually consists of three main parts. Microwaveassisted hydrodistillation mahd method also is a more recent technique used to recover volatile components fadeh et al. What is the best temperature for clevengertype apparatus to. Determination of antimicrobial activity and chemical. In the round bottom flask placed 100g of the dried leaves of ruta graveolens l.
The volatile compounds are carried away with the water vapor and collected after condensation and decantation, as in steam distillation. Hydrodistillation an overview sciencedirect topics. National institute of technology rourkela certificate this is to certify that the thesis entitled, extraction of essential oil using steam distillation submitted by k. Composition of essential oil and antioxidant activity of khat. Hydrodistillation is a method that implies the plant material being. The essential oils and eucalyptol from artemisia vulgaris l.
Clevenger hydrodistillation is a laboratory technique incorporating cohobation or recycling of distillation water during distillation. Hydrodistillation using the clevenger type apparatus. Simple hydrodistillation was carried out using clevenger apparatus with some modifications 18. Organic compounds are separated using steam, so as not to degrade the essential oil. Hydrodistillation processing clevenger method essential oils of pickling herb and myrtle leaves were obtained by the hydrodistilled method. Analysis of essential oil was done using gas chromatographymass spectrometer apparatus, which givesevaluates essential oil qualitatively and quantitatively. The equipment used for hydrodistillation is the clevenger apparatus abdellatif and hassani, 2015, which has a long tube, at the end of which the vapor is condensed and recovered. Quantitative estimations for the volatile oil by using. In that case, a clevenger apparatus may be used to return the condensed water to the. The oils obtained were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored in a sealed vial at low temperature before analysis 0. Comparison of microwaveassisted hydrodistillation with the. The identification of eo composition was determined using an agilent 6890 gas chromatograph gc coupled to a mass spectrometry detector ms agilent 5973 with a hp5ms column 5% phenyl, 95% methylsiloxane, 30 m x 0. Identification of components of essential oil identification of the components of the essen. The isolated essential oils were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Determination of essential oil components of artemisia haussknechtii boiss. The yields of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of the two varieties of khat studied were very low hydrodistillation. Hydrodistillation hd in conventional hydrodistillation, clevenger apparatus was used. Hydrodistillation was conducted for 7 h using a classical. A hemispherical heater thermal laboratory equipments, istanbul, turkey with a maximum power of 200 w was used in the experiments. The results showed a slight change in the composition for some components, but the drying did not influence the composition of the main components.
Eo contents were detected by electronic nose and headspace solidphase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography hsspmegcms. Hydrodistillation of the oils in this process 300 g of airdried and pulverized leaves a. Composition of the essential oil of endemic salvia. The eo was collected, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the volume determined and the yield calculated as the mean of three replications, on a fresh weight basis santos et al. C clevenger type apparatus which returns the hydrosol to the still and maintains the essential oil phase, but only for essential oils that are less dense than water and therefore float. Hydrodistillation using the clevengertype apparatus a power regulator. Hydrodistillation on a laboratory scale caraway fruits were immersed in 4 l of 0%, 6% and 12% aqueous food salt solution, with 1. Hydrodistillation is a method described by the european pharmacopoeia for volatile oil extraction. The essential oil was obtained by water distillation at 100 c for 90 min, according to the vietnamese pharmacopoeia.
To our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature about direct spme analysis of the volatile constituents in whole plants of c. A clevenger apparatus is a tool used for essential oil extraction using steam. An improved ultrasound clevenger for extraction of essential oils. The essential oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and stored at 20c until analysis. The chemical composition of pimento and ginger essential oils were analyzed by gcms.
Bulbs cultivated from quang tri vietnam tran nguyen an sa1, nguyen van muoi mot2, nguyen 1tri thuc, 1nguyen thi diem thu. This is also the official standard method for extracting essential oils for quality control. Due to the influence of hot water and steam, the essential oil is. The ultrasonic probe was introduced into the second neck of the boiling flask containing the garlic bulbs, in order to release the. Pdf the yield and composition of essential oil obtained from the fruits of coriander. Isolation of the essential oils airdried aerial parts of the plant materials 100 g were subjected to hydrodistillation using a clevengertype apparatus for 3 h. Essential oil was extracted in a clevenger type apparatus for 2 h 30 min and analyzed by gcms shimadzu, qp 5050db5. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils. The extraction period influences not only the yield but also the extract composition. This technique uses temperature to separate the aromatic oil from an organic source. The distillation continued until no more condensing oil could be considered.
The essential oil was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate na2so4. Jul 25, 2019 the eos were obtained by subcritical butane extraction apparatus henan subcritical biological technology co. This work consists in studying two methods of extraction of the essential oils. C clevengertype apparatus which returns the hydrosol to the still and maintains the essential oil phase, but only for essential oils that are less dense than water and therefore float. Material and methods plant the plants thymus serpyllum l. Original article antialzheimers disease effect of essential. Determination of essential oil components of artemisia. Sereshtib a department of chemistry, sharif university of technology, p. Hydrodistillation of aromatic plant materials in clevenger apparatus gives essential oils. Comparison of microwaveassisted hydrodistillation with. In this case, the raw materials are immersed in boiling water. Regarding hydrodistillation, the essential oils industry has developed terminology to distinguish. Thedistillation was conducted in clevenger apparatus in which boiling, condensing and decantation was done.
The plant materials about 150 g, cut into small pieces, were placed in a flask 2 l together with doubledistilled water 1. The essential oil was collected, dried under anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored at 0 c until used. While cycle times can range from a couple of hours to many days, the more typical range is 10. Nevertheless, we can improve the relationship between the weight of material carried and that of evaporated water, which represents an improvement in energetic efficiency. Gcmstof analysis of essential oil composition of the allium. Steam distillation steam passes through a bed of the material to be extracted. Jan 28, 2014 the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation for 60 min using a clevengertype apparatus placed in a modified microwave oven mars 240v 50hz. Airdried aerial parts hydrodistillation clevenger type 4h 0. The yields of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of the two varieties of khat studied were very low using simultaneous hydrodistillationstatic headspace liquid phase microextractiongas chromatography mass spectrometry m. However, these traditional methods are a bit expensive, especially since they are extremely energy and solvent consuming.
It was found that the most abundant components were methyleugenol 52. In this method, the material is completely immersed in water, which is boiled by applying heat by direct. Microwave clevenger apparatus and procedure microwave accelerated distillation mad was performed using the drydist microwave oven illustrated in fig. Investigation into sarscov2 resistance of compounds in. Agarwood oil is essential oil obtained in clevenger oil trap after the condensational process of evaporated volatile aromatic compounds vacs s312 and s088 is secoin companion feedstock that is utilized in agarwood oil distillation intact distillation of agarwood oil.
The extract was subjected to hydrodistillation in clevengertype apparatus for 2 h. The extraction of essential oils is generally carried out by two main techniques. The oily layer obtained on top of the aqueous distillate was separated and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate na 2 so 4. Essential oil of eucalyptus globulus leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation by clevenger apparatus garg process glass india private limited, maharastra, india. Hydrodistillation of caraway by direct induction heating. Investigation the efficiency of various methods of volatile oil.
The eo was extracted from 30 g of fresh leaves by hydrodistillation for 2 h, in a clevenger apparatus. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Extraction methods of natural essential oils essential. Essential oils eos were extracted from av by subcritical butane extraction. The small amount of biomass is immersed in water during. Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils. Bulbs cultivated from quang tri vietnam tran nguyen an sa1, nguyen van muoi mot2, nguyen 1tri thuc, 1nguyen thi diem thu 1ho chi minh city university of food industry 2quality assurance and testing center 3 quatest 3 email. The essential oils and eucalyptol from artemisia vulgaris.
Composition of essential oil and antioxidant activity of. Hydrodistillation using the clevengertype apparatus n. What is the best method for essential oil isolation. Extraction with organic solvents at ambient pressure. Essential oil compositions from root and rhizome of.
Hydrodistillation this has been the main method of flavour extraction. Fresh leaves and fruits were subjected to hydrodistillation using a clevengertype apparatus and the chemical composition of the volatile oils was studied by gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms. What is the best temperature for clevengertype apparatus. Powdered seeds 500 g were extracted with clevengertype apparatus according to the european pharmacopoeia 15 with 6 l of water for 4. Hydrodistillation was carried out with a clevenger type distillation unit designed. The volatile distillate was collected over anhydrous sodium sulphate and refrigerated until time of analysis.
When solvent extractionis used, it is impossible to obtain a solventfree product. The main disadvantage of water distilla tion is that complete extraction is not possible. Clevenger essential oil hydrodistillation for the gas chromatographic analysis of volatile constituents. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. A new process employing ultrasound technology to improve hydrodistillation extraction was designed and developed. The extracted essential oil was kept in sealed airtight glass vials and covered with. Hydrodistillation experiment typical hydrodistillation was accomplished with a clevenger apparatus. Clevenger apparatus are used for the extraction of essential oils from. Distillation was performed using dry leaves to water ratio of 1. Extraction with organic solvents at ambient pressure extraction with organic solvents is principally used in the perfumery and cosmetic industries. In this standard method the distillation procedure is closely defined vegetable products, according to the reference method indicated in the standard is done with steam. Hydrodistillation is generally carried out at atmospheric pressure. Hydrodistillation was carried out with a clevengertype distillation unit designed.
Gcmstof analysis of essential oil composition of the allium schoenoprasum l. The laboratory apparatus recommended for trial distil lations is the clevenger system. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation in deryng and clevenger apparatus from wild thyme herb thymus serpyllum l. Insecticidal activity of essential oils of chenopodium. Bordas ts specialite, collection espace realisation. Chromatographic analyses the analyses were carried out on a hp 5790 gas chromatograph coupled to a hp 5972 mass spectrometer, the apparatus functions in. Powdered seeds 500 g were extracted with clevenger type apparatus according to the european pharmacopoeia 15 with 6 l of water for 4. In this method, extraction of the essential oil from the garlic was carried out using the modified clevenger apparatus described by pingret et al. Hydrodistillation extraction of volatile components of. Composition comparison of essential oils extracted by. Extraction of essential oils by hydrodistillation essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation of the shade dried powders using a clevenger apparatus at the laboratory of industrial chemistry and bioresources of the national advanced school of agroindustrial sciences ensai, ngaoundere.
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